The ring spinning machine was invented in 1828. In 1830, the traveller rotating on the ring was being contributed. After more than 150 years that have passed since that time, the machine has experienced considerable modification in detail, but the basic concept has remained unchanged.
Further developments on a large scale appear unlikely because the traveller is a restrictive element. The amount of heat developed in traveller at high speeds is considerable, and it is extremely difficult to conduct this heat away in the short time available. The traveller speed thus limited.
In cotton yarn production there are two main spinning systems which are used for the production of these two types of cotton yarns:
Ring spinning systems,
Open end spinning systems
Apart from these systems, there are new yarn spinning systems like friction and air jet spinning systems. The ring spinning system is the most flexible system from the viewpoints of fibres which can be used and the extent of the yarn counts which can be produced.
Comparison of the advantages and the disadvantages of the ring spinning systems.
Advantages:
Production of high strength yarns.
Spinning of fine count yarns.
Proper for special yarns.
It is universally applicable (any material can be spun).
The know — how for operation of machine is well established accessible to everyone.
It is flexible as regards quantities (blend and lot size).
Since the speeds in drawing section are best controlled, yarn evenness is excellent. But if short fibers are too much, yarn unevenness occurs.
Fine yarns can be produced as compared to open-end system
Disadvantages
Process stages are more numerous. Roving stage exists as an extra process compared to the other systems.
Yarn breakages are more numerous as a result of ring traveller friction and yarn air friction. Interruptions, broken ends and piecing up problems exist because of the yarn breakages.
The high speed of the traveller damages the fibers.
The capacity of the cops is limited.
Energy cost is very high.
Low production rate.
New spinning processes have difficulty in gaining widespread acceptance. Owing to their individual limitations, the new spinning processes are confined to restricted sectors of the market.
The ring frame can only survive in longer term if further success is achieved in automation of the ring spinning process. Also, spinning costs must be markedly reduced since this machine is significant cost factor in spinning mill
The cost structure in ring spinning mill is shown in the graph.
Textile Materials 
thenks av got the merits and demerits of ring spinning systems